I'm new with survival analyses, and have been breaking my head over this for a while, so I hope someone can explain this in a simple manner: Variable HR Gender(Female) 1.391* Treat (Yes) 0.544*** Gender*Treat 1.149 So, the interaction term is not significant, does this simply mean that the effect of treatment is not different for men and women? Or, does the interaction effect now show the effect of treatment for women, while Treat shows the effect for men, meaning that treat does nothing for women but does for men? Similarly, does the HR of gender now ONLY represent the effect of gender in the non-treatment group? I further get confused by the fact that the pairwise comparisons of these groups (malextreat, malexcontrol, femalextreat, femalexcontrol) dó hold significant differences. How does that work if the interaction is not significant?

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