Second, governance can’t be an afterthought; it should be a core design requirement. Enterprises need to ensure that AI systems operate within defined boundaries, use trusted sources, and produce auditable outputs.

Finally, the competitive advantage is shifting. It’s no longer just about building bigger, better models or deploying more agents. It comes down to how effectively those systems are connected to the world’s information and how reliably they can interpret it.

Today, most AI stacks are incomplete

Let’s go back to the idea that AI models will replace all software. For one, it oversimplifies how complex systems evolve. New capabilities tend to introduce new layers of abstraction, not eliminate them.